IMO Advances Efforts to Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Shipping

IMO Advances Efforts to Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Shipping.

 The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is intensifying its efforts to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from international shipping. These measures support United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13 and align with the Paris Agreement, reflecting IMO’s commitment to a more sustainable maritime sector. Building on its 2018 Initial GHG Strategy and previous energy efficiency regulations introduced in 2011, IMO adopted the 2023 Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, setting a roadmap for the decarbonization of global shipping. The 2023 Strategy and Long-Term Goals The 2023 IMO GHG Strategy outlines a clear vision for international shipping, aiming for net-zero GHG emissions by around 2050. It includes indicative mid-term targets: reducing emissions by at least 20% by 2030 (with a goal of 30%) and at least 70% by 2040 (with a goal of 80%), compared to 2008 levels. Additionally, the Strategy calls for a 40% reduction in carbon intensity—measured as CO₂ emissions per unit of transport work—by 2030, on average across the global fleet. The Strategy also emphasizes the adoption of zero- and near-zero-emission fuels, targeting a minimum share of 5% of energy consumption from such fuels by 2030, with an aspirational goal of 10%. Supporting these objectives, IMO promotes capacity building, technical cooperation, and research and development initiatives. Short-Term and Mid-Term Measures IMO has already implemented short-term measures, including the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII), which became mandatory for all ships on 1 January 2023. These measures rate vessels from A to E based on energy efficiency, with higher scores for low-carbon fuels. Ships can improve their ratings through measures such as hull cleaning, speed optimization, low-energy lighting, and the installation of solar or wind power for onboard services. For mid-term measures, IMO is developing the Net-Zero Framework, which includes amendments to MARPOL Annex VI, a goal-based marine fuel standard, and a maritime GHG emissions pricing mechanism. The framework, expected to be adopted in 2026, aims to accelerate the energy transition, incentivize fleet-wide adoption of cleaner technologies, and ensure a fair, equitable transition globally. Alternative Fuels and Innovation Decarbonization will rely on low- and zero-carbon fuels such as ammonia, hydrogen, methanol, biofuels, and electric or wind-assisted propulsion systems. IMO has issued guidelines for evaluating life-cycle emissions (“Well-to-Wake”) of marine fuels and continues to assess safety, infrastructure, and operational considerations. Projects like GreenVoyage2050 and the Global Industry Alliance promote research, trials, and training to accelerate technological adoption. Supporting Developing Countries Recognizing the unique challenges faced by Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the Strategy includes capacity-building programs funded by IMO Member States, helping these countries adopt energy efficiency measures and participate in the emerging low-carbon shipping economy. Looking Ahead The next stages of IMO’s GHG Strategy include review sessions between 2026 and 2028, development of the Net-Zero Framework, and ongoing international collaboration to advance climate action in shipping. Through these initiatives, the maritime sector is set to achieve significant reductions in emissions, enhanced energy efficiency, and widespread use of sustainable fuels, contributing to a safer and more sustainable global environment.

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